History

Past Presidents

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Renato Ambrosio, Jr.

Dr. Renato Ambrosio, Jr.

2020 - 2024

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John So-Min Chang

Dr. John So-Min Chang

2018 - 2019

 A. John Kanellopoulos

Dr.  A. John Kanellopoulos

2016 - 2017

Ronald R. Krueger

Dr. Ronald R. Krueger

2014 - 2015

Amar Agarwal

Dr. Amar Agarwal

2012 - 2013

Alaa Eldanasoury

Dr. Alaa Eldanasoury

2010 - 2011

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Marguerite McDonald

Dr. Marguerite McDonald

2008 - 2009

Jorge L. Alió

Dr. Jorge L. Alió

2006 - 2007

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James Salz

Dr. James Salz

2004 - 2005

Jack Holladay

Dr. Jack Holladay

2002 - 2003

Michael Lawless

Dr. Michael Lawless

2001

David Schanzlin

Dr. David Schanzlin

1999 - 2000

Jeffrey Robin

Dr. Jeffrey Robin

1997 - 1998

Theodore Werblin

Dr. Theodore Werblin

1995 - 1996

Richard Lindstrom

Dr. Richard Lindstrom

1993 - 1994

Larry F. Rich

Dr. Larry F. Rich

1992

James Salz

Dr. James Salz

1991

Perry Binder

Dr. Perry Binder

1989 - 1990

Miles Friedlander

Dr. Miles Friedlander

1988

Richard A. Villaseñor

Dr. Richard A. Villaseñor

1987

Casimir Swinger

Dr. Casimir Swinger

1986

Herbert Kaufman

Dr. Herbert Kaufman

1985

Richard C. Troutman

Dr. Richard C. Troutman

1982 - 1984

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José I. Barraquer

Dr. José I. Barraquer

1980 - 1982

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Past Presidents (List)

• Dr. Renato Ambrosio, Jr. (2020 - 2024)

  Dr. Renato Ambrosio, Jr.

  Born: August 25, 1972 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Nationality: Brazilian

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  Education & Training

  • 1990–1995 – MD, Fundação Técnico Educacional Souza Marques (Rio de Janeiro)
    Graduated with top honors
  • 1995 – Internship, Internal Medicine, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro 
  • 1996 – Military Service, Second Lieutenant MD in Ophthalmology, Brazilian Air Force
    Residency rotation at Hospital Souza Aguiar
  • 1997–2000 – Residency in Ophthalmology & Cornea Fellowship, Instituto de Oftalmologia Tadeu Cvintal (São Paulo)
  • 2000–2002 – Fellowship in Cornea & Refractive Surgery, University of Washington (Seattle, USA)
    Mentor: Steven E. Wilson, MD
  • 2000–2004 – PhD in Medicine (Ophthalmology), Universidade de São Paulo
    Thesis: Corneal Wound Healing

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  Current Professional Positions

  • Director, Cornea & Refractive Surgery, Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio & Rio Vision Hospital
  • Founder & Director, Ambrósio Vision Academy (AVA)
  • CEO, BrAIN – Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Networking in Medicine
  • Associate Professor, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)
  • Affiliated Professor, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
  • Adjunct Professor, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO)

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  Leadership in Professional Societies

  • President, Refractive Surgery Alliance Society (RSA), 2023–Present
  • President Emeritus, International Society of Refractive Surgery (ISRS), 2024–Present
  • President, ISRS (International Society of Refractive Surgery), 2020–2024
  • Founding President, BRASCRS (Brazilian Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgery), 2014
  • President, Brazilian Society of Refractive Surgery (SBCR), 2012–2014
  • Vice President, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO), 2013–2015
  • President, Brazilian Society of Administration in Ophthalmology (SBAO), 2006–2010

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  Key Achievements

  • Co-developer of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D) and Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBI)
  • Creator of the (A²I)² Algorithm – Applied Artificial & Ancient Intelligence
  • Pioneer in integrating AI and biomechanics for ectasia susceptibility characterization
  • Featured in The Ophthalmologist Power List in 2014, 2016, 2018, 2024, and 2025
  • Lindstrom Lecture and Medal – ASCRS 2024
  • Delivered over 500 invited lectures on corneal diagnostics, keratoconus and ectasia management, and refractive surgery globally

  
  

  Selected Publications(1-169)

  1.         Sedaghat MR, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Heravian J, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Gheysari-Alishahi T, et al. Scheimpflug Corneal Densitometry Changes After the Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation. Cornea. 2020;39(6):761-8.

  2.         Koh S, Inoue R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Maeda N, Miki A, Nishida K. Correlation Between Corneal Biomechanical Indices and the Severity of Keratoconus. Cornea. 2020;39(2):215-21.

  3.         Hashemi H, Miraftab M, Amanzadeh K, Seyedian MA, Vinciguerra R, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Keratoconus detection by novel indices in patients with Down syndrome: a cohort population-based study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2020;64(3):285-91.

  4.         Esporcatte LPG, Salomao MQ, Sena NB, Jr., Lopes BT, Ambrosio R, Jr. Advanced Surface Ablation in Mild (Fruste) Keratoconus: A Case Report. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(2):355-63.

  5.         Esporcatte LPG, Salomao MQ, Lopes BT, Vinciguerra P, Vinciguerra R, Roberts C, et al. Biomechanical diagnostics of the cornea. Eye Vis (Lond). 2020;7:9.

  6.         Belin MW, Boyd BM, Ambrosio R, Jr. Pellucid marginal degeneration vs inferior keratoconus: why it matters. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(2):325-6.

  7.         Lopes BT, Belin MW, Faria-Correia F, Salomao MQ, Ambrosio R, Jr. Re: Hwang et al.: Distinguishing highly asymmetric keratoconus eyes using combined Scheimpflug and spectral-domain OCT analysis (Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1862-1871). Ophthalmology. 2019;126(7):e55-e6.

  8.         Lee H, Kang DSY, Reinstein DZ, Roberts CJ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Archer TJ, et al. Adjustment of Spherical Equivalent Correction According to Cap Thickness for Myopic Small Incision Lenticule Extraction. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(3):153-60.

  9.         Koh S, Ambrosio R, Jr., Inoue R, Maeda N, Miki A, Nishida K. Detection of Subclinical Corneal Ectasia Using Corneal Tomographic and Biomechanical Assessments in a Japanese Population. J Refract Surg. 2019;35(6):383-90.

  10.       Eliasy A, Chen KJ, Vinciguerra R, Lopes BT, Abass A, Vinciguerra P, et al. Determination of Corneal Biomechanical Behavior in-vivo for Healthy Eyes Using CorVis ST Tonometry: Stress-Strain Index. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:105.

  11.       Chen KJ, Eliasy A, Vinciguerra R, Abass A, Lopes BT, Vinciguerra P, et al. Development and validation of a new intraocular pressure estimate for patients with soft corneas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(9):1316-23.

  12.       Chandapura R, Salomao MQ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Swarup R, Shetty R, Sinha Roy A. Bowman's topography for improved detection of early ectasia. J Biophotonics. 2019;12(10):e201900126.

  13.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Guerra FP. Advanced Corneal Imaging for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(2):205-6.

  14.       Ambrosio R, Jr. Post-LASIK Ectasia: Twenty Years of a Conundrum. Semin Ophthalmol. 2019;34(2):66-8.

  15.       Sedaghat MR, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Ambrosio R, Jr., Roberts CJ, Yekta AA, Danesh Z, et al. Long-term Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Properties After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(12):849-56.

  16.       Sedaghat MR, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Ambrosio R, Jr., Heidari HR, Maddah N, Danesh Z, et al. Diagnostic Ability of Corneal Shape and Biomechanical Parameters for Detecting Frank Keratoconus. Cornea. 2018;37(8):1025-34.

  17.       Salomao MQ, Hofling-Lima AL, Faria-Correia F, Lopes BT, Rodrigues-Barros S, Roberts CJ, et al. Dynamic corneal deformation response and integrated corneal tomography. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(3):373-82.

  18.       Monteiro T, Alfonso JF, Franqueira N, Faria-Correia F, Ambrosio R, Jr., Madrid-Costa D. Predictability of Tunnel Depth for Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation Between Manual and Femtosecond Laser Techniques. J Refract Surg. 2018;34(3):188-94.

  19.       Maloca PM, Studer HP, Ambrosio R, Jr., Goldblum D, Rothenbuehler S, Barthelmes D, et al. Interdevice variability of central corneal thickness measurement. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203884.

  20.       Lopes BT, Ramos IC, Salomao MQ, Guerra FP, Schallhorn SC, Schallhorn JM, et al. Enhanced Tomographic Assessment to Detect Corneal Ectasia Based on Artificial Intelligence. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;195:223-32.

  21.       Eliasy A, Chen KJ, Vinciguerra R, Maklad O, Vinciguerra P, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Ex-vivo experimental validation of biomechanically-corrected intraocular pressure measurements on human eyes using the CorVis ST. Exp Eye Res. 2018;175:98-102.

  22.       Abass A, Vinciguerra R, Lopes BT, Bao F, Vinciguerra P, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Positions of Ocular Geometrical and Visual Axes in Brazilian, Chinese and Italian Populations. Curr Eye Res. 2018;43(11):1404-14.

  23.       Abass A, Lopes BT, Eliasy A, Wu R, Jones S, Clamp J, et al. Three-dimensional non-parametric method for limbus detection. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207710.

  24.       Abass A, Clamp J, Bao F, Ambrosio R, Jr., Elsheikh A. Non-Orthogonal Corneal Astigmatism among Normal and Keratoconic Brazilian and Chinese populations. Curr Eye Res. 2018;43(6):717-24.

  25.       Vinciguerra R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Roberts CJ, Azzolini C, Vinciguerra P. Biomechanical Characterization of Subclinical Keratoconus Without Topographic or Tomographic Abnormalities. J Refract Surg. 2017;33(6):399-407.

  26.       Salomao MQ, Hofling-Lima AL, Lopes BT, Canedo ALC, Dawson DG, Carneiro-Freitas R, et al. Role of the corneal epithelium measurements in keratorefractive surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28(4):326-36.

  27.       Roberts CJ, Mahmoud AM, Bons JP, Hossain A, Elsheikh A, Vinciguerra R, et al. Introduction of Two Novel Stiffness Parameters and Interpretation of Air Puff-Induced Biomechanical Deformation Parameters With a Dynamic Scheimpflug Analyzer. J Refract Surg. 2017;33(4):266-73.

  28.       Lee H, Roberts CJ, Kim TI, Ambrosio R, Jr., Elsheikh A, Yong Kang DS. Changes in biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure and dynamic corneal response parameters before and after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(12):1495-503.

  29.       Lee H, Roberts CJ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Elsheikh A, Kang DSY, Kim TI. Effect of accelerated corneal crosslinking combined with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy on dynamic corneal response parameters and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure measured with a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer in healthy myopic patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(7):937-45.

  30.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Lopes BT, Faria-Correia F, Salomao MQ, Buhren J, Roberts CJ, et al. Integration of Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Assessments for Enhancing Ectasia Detection. J Refract Surg. 2017;33(7):434-43.

  31.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Correia FF, Lopes B, Salomao MQ, Luz A, Dawson DG, et al. Corneal Biomechanics in Ectatic Diseases: Refractive Surgery Implications. Open Ophthalmol J. 2017;11:176-93.

  32.       Vinciguerra R, Elsheikh A, Roberts CJ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Kang DS, Lopes BT, et al. Influence of Pachymetry and Intraocular Pressure on Dynamic Corneal Response Parameters in Healthy Patients. J Refract Surg. 2016;32(8):550-61.

  33.       Vinciguerra R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Elsheikh A, Roberts CJ, Lopes B, Morenghi E, et al. Detection of Keratoconus With a New Biomechanical Index. J Refract Surg. 2016;32(12):803-10.

  34.       Patrao LF, Canedo AL, Azevedo JL, Correa R, Ambrosio R, Jr. Differentiation of mild keratoconus from corneal warpage according to topographic inferior steepening based on corneal tomography data. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2016;79(4):264-7.

  35.       Luz A, Lopes B, Salomao M, Ambrosio R. Application of corneal tomography before keratorefractive procedure for laser vision correction. J Biophotonics. 2016;9(5):445-53.

  36.       Luz A, Lopes B, Hallahan KM, Valbon B, Ramos I, Faria-Correia F, et al. Enhanced Combined Tomography and Biomechanics Data for Distinguishing Forme Fruste Keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2016;32(7):479-94.

  37.       Luz A, Lopes B, Hallahan KM, Valbon B, Fontes B, Schor P, et al. Discriminant Value of Custom Ocular Response Analyzer Waveform Derivatives in Forme Fruste Keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;164:14-21.

  38.       Luz A, Faria-Correia F, Salomao MQ, Lopes BT, Ambrosio R, Jr. Corneal biomechanics: Where are we? J Curr Ophthalmol. 2016;28(3):97-8.

  39.       Freitas Gde O, Ambrosio R, Jr., Ramos I, Lopes B, Valbon Bde F, Botteon C, et al. Astigmatic Vector Analysis of Posterior Corneal Surface: A Comparison Among Healthy, Forme Fruste, and Overt Keratoconic Corneas. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;167:65-71.

  40.       Faria-Correia F, Lopes B, Monteiro T, Franqueira N, Ambrosio R, Jr. Scheimpflug lens densitometry and ocular wavefront aberrations in patients with mild nuclear cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(3):405-11.

  41.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Lopes B, Faria-Correia F, Vinciguerra R, Vinciguerra P, Elsheikh A, et al. Ectasia Detection by the Assessment of Corneal Biomechanics. Cornea. 2016;35(7):e18-20.

  42.       Randleman JB, Akhtar J, Lynn MJ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Dupps WJ, Jr., Krueger RR, et al. Comparison of objective and subjective refractive surgery screening parameters between regular and high-resolution Scheimpflug imaging devices. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(2):286-94.

  43.       Koprowski R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Reisdorf S. Scheimpflug camera in the quantitative assessment of reproducibility of high-speed corneal deformation during intraocular pressure measurement. J Biophotonics. 2015;8(11-12):968-78.

  44.       Koprowski R, Ambrosio R, Jr. Quantitative assessment of corneal vibrations during intraocular pressure measurement with the air-puff method in patients with keratoconus. Comput Biol Med. 2015;66:170-8.

  45.       Gomes JA, Tan D, Rapuano CJ, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Guell JL, et al. Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases. Cornea. 2015;34(4):359-69.

  46.       Gomes JA, Rapuano CJ, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Group of Panelists for the Global Delphi Panel of K, Ectatic D. Reply: To PMID 25738235. Cornea. 2015;34(9):e27-9.

  47.       Gomes JA, Rapuano CJ, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Group of Panelists for the Global Delphi Panel of K, Ectatic D. Reply: To PMID 25738235. Cornea. 2015;34(9):e27.

  48.       Gomes JA, Rapuano CJ, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Group of Panelists for the Global Delphi Panel of K, Ectatic D. Global Consensus on Keratoconus Diagnosis. Cornea. 2015;34(12):e38-9.

  49.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Ramos I, Lopes B, Santhiago MR, Faria-Correia F, Belin M, et al. Ectasia susceptibility before laser vision correction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(6):1335-6.

  50.       Ambrosio R, Jr. June consultation #3. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(6):1327-8.

  51.       Villavicencio O, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Steinmueller A. Corneal pachymetry: new ways to look at an old measurement. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(5):695-701.

  52.       Valbon BF, Ambrosio R, Jr., Fontes BM, Luz A, Roberts CJ, Alves MR. Ocular biomechanical metrics by CorVis ST in healthy Brazilian patients. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(7):468-73.

  53.       Santhiago MR, Wilson SE, Hallahan KM, Smadja D, Lin M, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Changes in custom biomechanical variables after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(6):918-28.

  54.       Lopes B, Ramos I, Ambrosio R, Jr. Corneal densitometry in keratoconus. Cornea. 2014;33(12):1282-6.

  55.       Hallahan KM, Sinha Roy A, Ambrosio R, Jr., Salomao M, Dupps WJ, Jr. Discriminant value of custom ocular response analyzer waveform derivatives in keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(2):459-68.

  56.       da Paz AC, Bersanetti PA, Salomao MQ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Schor P. Theoretical basis, laboratory evidence, and clinical research of chemical surgery of the cornea: cross-linking. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:890823.

  57.       Belin MW, Villavicencio OF, Ambrosio RR, Jr. Tomographic parameters for the detection of keratoconus: suggestions for screening and treatment parameters. Eye Contact Lens. 2014;40(6):326-30.

  58.       Ambrosio R, Jr. Heritability of corneal shape in twin study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(12):8365.

  59.       Ventura BV, Machado AP, Ambrosio R, Jr., Ribeiro G, Araujo LN, Luz A, et al. Analysis of waveform-derived ORA parameters in early forms of keratoconus and normal corneas. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(9):637-43.

  60.       Valbon BF, Ambrosio R, Jr., Fontes BM, Alves MR. Effects of age on corneal deformation by non-contact tonometry integrated with an ultra-high-speed (UHS) Scheimpflug camera. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2013;76(4):229-32.

  61.       Luz A, Fontes BM, Lopes B, Ramos I, Schor P, Ambrosio R, Jr. ORA waveform-derived biomechanical parameters to distinguish normal from keratoconic eyes. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2013;76(2):111-7.

  62.       Faria-Correia F, Ramos I, Valbon B, Luz A, Roberts CJ, Ambrosio R, Jr. Scheimpflug-based tomography and biomechanical assessment in pressure-induced stromal keratopathy. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(5):356-8.

  63.       Correia FF, Ramos I, Roberts CJ, Steinmueller A, Krug M, Ambrosio R, Jr. Impact of chamber pressure and material properties on the deformation response of corneal models measured by dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2013;76(5):278-81.

  64.       Belin MW, Ambrosio R. Scheimpflug imaging for keratoconus and ectatic disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2013;61(8):401-6.

  65.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Valbon BF, Faria-Correia F, Ramos I, Luz A. Scheimpflug imaging for laser refractive surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(4):310-20.

  66.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Randleman JB. Screening for ectasia risk: what are we screening for and how should we screen for it? J Refract Surg. 2013;29(4):230-2.

  67.       de Freitas Valbon B, Ventura MP, da Silva RS, Canedo AL, Velarde GC, Ambrosio R, Jr. Central corneal thickness and biomechanical changes after clear corneal phacoemulsification. J Refract Surg. 2012;28(3):215-9.

  68.       Salomao MQ, Chaurasia SS, Sinha-Roy A, Ambrosio R, Jr., Esposito A, Sepulveda R, et al. Corneal wound healing after ultraviolet-A/riboflavin collagen cross-linking: a rabbit study. J Refract Surg. 2011;27(6):401-7.

  69.       Fontes BM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Velarde GC, Nose W. Ocular response analyzer measurements in keratoconus with normal central corneal thickness compared with matched normal control eyes. J Refract Surg. 2011;27(3):209-15.

  70.       Fontes BM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Velarde GC, Nose W. Corneal biomechanical evaluation in healthy thin corneas compared with matched keratoconus cases. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2011;74(1):13-6.

  71.       Feng MT, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Grewal SP, Yan W, Shaheen MS, et al. International values of corneal elevation in normal subjects by rotating Scheimpflug camera. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(10):1817-21.

  72.       Belin MW, Khachikian SS, Ambrosio R, Jr. The use of intracorneal rings for pellucid marginal degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(3):558-9; author reply 9.

  73.       Belin MW, Asota IM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Khachikian SS. What's in a name: keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and related thinning disorders. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(2):157-62 e1.

  74.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Nogueira LP, Caldas DL, Fontes BM, Luz A, Cazal JO, et al. Evaluation of corneal shape and biomechanics before LASIK. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2011;51(2):11-38.

  75.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Caiado AL, Guerra FP, Louzada R, Sinha RA, Luz A, et al. Novel pachymetric parameters based on corneal tomography for diagnosing keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2011;27(10):753-8.

  76.       Kwon RO, Price MO, Price FW, Jr., Ambrosio R, Jr., Belin MW. Pentacam characterization of corneas with Fuchs dystrophy treated with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(12):972-9.

  77.       Fontes BM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Salomao M, Velarde GC, Nose W. Biomechanical and tomographic analysis of unilateral keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(9):677-81.

  78.       Fontes BM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Jardim D, Velarde GC, Nose W. Corneal biomechanical metrics and anterior segment parameters in mild keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(4):673-9.

  79.       Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr. Corneal ectasia risk score: statistical validity and clinical relevance. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(4):238-40.

  80.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Belin MW. Imaging of the cornea: topography vs tomography. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(11):847-9.

  81.       Ambrosio R, Jr. Percentage thickness increase and absolute difference from thinnest to describe thickness profile. J Refract Surg. 2010;26(2):84-6; author reply 6-7.

  82.       Salomao MQ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Wilson SE. Dry eye associated with laser in situ keratomileusis: Mechanical microkeratome versus femtosecond laser. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(10):1756-60.

  83.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Kara-Jose N, Wilson SE. Early keratocyte apoptosis after epithelial scrape injury in the human cornea. Exp Eye Res. 2009;89(4):597-9.

  84.       Fontes BM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Alonso RS, Jardim D, Velarde GC, Nose W. Corneal biomechanical metrics in eyes with refraction of -19.00 to +9.00 D in healthy Brazilian patients. J Refract Surg. 2008;24(9):941-5.

  85.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Tervo T, Wilson SE. LASIK-associated dry eye and neurotrophic epitheliopathy: pathophysiology and strategies for prevention and treatment. J Refract Surg. 2008;24(4):396-407.

  86.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Jardim D, Netto MV, Wilson SE. Management of unsuccessful LASIK surgery. Compr Ophthalmol Update. 2007;8(3):125-41; discussion 43-4.

  87.       Luz A, Ursulio M, Castaneda D, Ambrosio R, Jr. [Corneal thickness progression from the thinnest point to the limbus: study based on a normal and a keratoconus population to create reference values]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006;69(4):579-83.

  88.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Netto MV, Wilson SE. Surgery in patients with Fuchs'. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(3):503; author reply 4.

  89.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Alonso RS, Luz A, Coca Velarde LG. Corneal-thickness spatial profile and corneal-volume distribution: tomographic indices to detect keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(11):1851-9.

  90.       Netto MV, Mohan RR, Ambrosio R, Jr., Hutcheon AE, Zieske JD, Wilson SE. Wound healing in the cornea: a review of refractive surgery complications and new prospects for therapy. Cornea. 2005;24(5):509-22.

  91.       Netto MV, Ambrosio R, Jr., Chalita MR, Krueger RR, Wilson SE. [Corneal wound healing response following different modalities of refractive surgical procedures]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2005;68(1):140-9.

  92.       Wilson SE, Netto M, Ambrosio R, Jr. Corneal cells: chatty in development, homeostasis, wound healing, and disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(3):530-6.

  93.       Wilson SE, Mohan RR, Hutcheon AE, Mohan RR, Ambrosio R, Zieske JD, et al. Effect of ectopic epithelial tissue within the stroma on keratocyte apoptosis, mitosis, and myofibroblast transformation. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76(2):193-201.

  94.       Wilson SE, Mohan RR, Ambrosio R, Mohan RR. Corneal injury. A relatively pure model of stromal-epithelial interactions in wound healing. Methods Mol Med. 2003;78:67-81.

  95.       Periman LM, Ambrosio R, Jr., Harrison DA, Wilson SE. Correlation of pupil sizes measured with a mesopic infrared pupillometer and a photopic topographer. J Refract Surg. 2003;19(5):555-9.

  96.       Mohan RR, Hutcheon AE, Choi R, Hong J, Lee J, Mohan RR, et al. Apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation, and myofibroblast generation in the stroma following LASIK and PRK. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76(1):71-87.

  97.       Harrison DA, Joos C, Ambrosio R, Jr. Morphology of corneal Basal epithelial cells by in vivo slit-scanning confocal microscopy. Cornea. 2003;22(3):246-8.

  98.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Periman LM, Netto MV, Wilson SE. Bilateral marginal sterile infiltrates and diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg. 2003;19(2):154-8.

  99.       Ambrosio R, Jr., Klyce SD, Wilson SE. Corneal topographic and pachymetric screening of keratorefractive patients. J Refract Surg. 2003;19(1):24-9.

  100.     Wilson SE, Ambrosio R, Jr. Sporadic diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after LASIK. Cornea. 2002;21(6):560-3.

  101.     Ambrosio R, Jr., Wilson SE. Early pellucid marginal corneal degeneration: case reports of two refractive surgery candidates. Cornea. 2002;21(1):114-7.

  102.     Wilson SE, Mohan RR, Mohan RR, Ambrosio R, Jr., Hong J, Lee J. The corneal wound healing response: cytokine-mediated interaction of the epithelium, stroma, and inflammatory cells. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2001;20(5):625-37.

  103.     Wilson SE, Ambrosio R. Computerized corneal topography and its importance to wavefront technology. Cornea. 2001;20(5):441-54.

  104.     Wilson SE, Ambrosio R. Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132(3):405-6.

  105.     Ambrosio R, Jr., Wilson SE. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis: etiology, prevention, and treatment. J Refract Surg. 2001;17(3):350-79.

  106.     Abad JC, Martinez-Cadavid L, Ocampo-Patino A, Torres-Netto EA, Ambrosio R. Severe long-term progressive corneal remodeling after bilateral simultaneous prophylactic crosslinking and topography-guided surface ablation with mitomycin. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2021;23:101120.

  107.     Alanazi R, Esporcatte LPG, White L, Salomao MQ, Lopes BT, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Investigation of How Corneal Densitometry Artefacts Affect the Imaging of Normal and Keratoconic Corneas. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024;11(2).

  108.     Almeida GC, Jr., Guido RC, Balarin Silva HM, Brandao CC, de Mattos LC, Lopes BT, et al. New artificial intelligence index based on Scheimpflug corneal tomography to distinguish subclinical keratoconus from healthy corneas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022;48(10):1168-74.

  109.     Alqasimi NA, Aljohani LH, Ambrosio R, Jr., AlQahtani BS, Al Haydar NS, Alanazi BR, et al. Assessment of awareness of keratoconus and its relation to eye rubbing among Saudi Arabia population. Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne). 2025;5:1545030.

  110.     Ambrosio R, Jr. Violet June: The Global Keratoconus Awareness Campaign. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(3):685-8.

  111.     Ambrosio R, Jr., Dawson DG, Belin MW. Association between the percent tissue altered and post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia in eyes with normal preoperative topography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158(6):1358-9.

  112.     Ambrosio R, Jr., Machado AP, Leao E, Lyra JMG, Salomao MQ, Esporcatte LGP, et al. Optimized Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Data. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;251:126-42.

  113.     Ambrosio R, Jr., Salomao MQ, Barros L, da Fonseca Filho JBR, Guedes J, Neto A, et al. Multimodal diagnostics for keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases: a paradigm shift. Eye Vis (Lond). 2023;10(1):45.

  114.     Belin MW, Alizadeh R, Torres-Netto EA, Hafezi F, Ambrosio R, Jr., Pajic B. Determining Progression in Ectatic Corneal Disease. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2020;9(6):541-8.

  115.     Bertino P, Magalhaes RS, Criado GG, Novais GA, Ambrosio R, Jr., Santhiago MR. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation and Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Coexisting Keratoconus and Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy. J Refract Surg. 2020;36(10):703-6.

  116.     Coskunseven E, Ambrosio R, Jr., Smoradkova A, Sanchez Leon F, Sahin O, Kavadarli I, et al. Visual, refractive and topographic outcomes of progressive thickness intrastromal corneal ring segments for keratoconic eyes. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(11):2835-44.

  117.     Deshmukh R, Ong ZZ, Rampat R, Alio Del Barrio JL, Barua A, Ang M, et al. Management of keratoconus: an updated review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1212314.

  118.     Doroodgar F, Alizadeh F, Niazi S, Razavi SM, Jalilian N, Azarnezhad A, et al. Inflammatory and genomic interactions within keratoconus susceptible patients: a nationwide registered case-control study. Eye Vis (Lond). 2024;11(1):40.

  119.     Eliasy A, Abass A, Lopes BT, Vinciguerra R, Zhang H, Vinciguerra P, et al. Characterization of cone size and centre in keratoconic corneas. J R Soc Interface. 2020;17(169):20200271.

  120.     Esporcatte LPG, Salomao MQ, Lopes BT, Sena N, Ferreira E, Filho J, et al. Biomechanics in Keratoconus Diagnosis. Curr Eye Res. 2023;48(2):130-6.

  121.     Esporcatte LPG, Salomao MQ, Lopes BT, Sena N, Machado AP, Vinciguerra P, et al. Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia with Relatively Low Keratometry. Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(7):2023-35.

  122.     Esporcatte LPG, Salomao MQ, Neto A, Machado AP, Lopes BT, Ambrosio R, Jr. Enhanced Diagnostics for Corneal Ectatic Diseases: The Whats, the Whys, and the Hows. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(12).

  123.     Feng MT, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr., Grewal SP, Yan W, Shaheen MS, et al. Anterior chamber depth in normal subjects by rotating scheimpflug imaging. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2011;25(3):255-9.

  124.     Ferreira-Mendes J, Lopes BT, Faria-Correia F, Salomao MQ, Rodrigues-Barros S, Ambrosio R, Jr. Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;197:7-16.

  125.     Flockerzi E, Vinciguerra R, Belin MW, Vinciguerra P, Ambrosio R, Jr., Seitz B. Correlation of the Corvis Biomechanical Factor with tomographic parameters in keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022;48(2):215-21.

  126.     Flockerzi E, Vinciguerra R, Belin MW, Vinciguerra P, Ambrosio R, Jr., Seitz B. Combined biomechanical and tomographic keratoconus staging: Adding a biomechanical parameter to the ABCD keratoconus staging system. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(5):e1135-e42.

  127.     Hashemi H, Amanzadeh K, Seyedian M, Zeraati H, Roberts CJ, Mehravaran S, et al. Accelerated and Standard Corneal Cross-Linking Protocols in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Non-inferiority Contralateral Randomized Trial. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(4):1011-21.

  128.     Hashemi H, Ambrosio R, Jr., Vinciguerra R, Vinciguerra P, Roberts CJ, Ghaffari R, et al. Two-year changes in corneal stiffness parameters after accelerated corneal cross-linking. J Biomech. 2019;93:209-12.

  129.     Hashemi H, Asgari S, Panahi P, Mehravaran S, Fotouhi A, Ambrosio R, Jr. Corneal ectasia in mothers of Down syndrome children. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22436.

  130.     Hashemi H, Heirani M, Ambrosio R, Jr., Hafezi F, Naroo SA, Khorrami-Nejad M. The link between Keratoconus and posterior segment parameters: An updated, comprehensive review. Ocul Surf. 2022;23:116-22.

  131.     Hashemi H, Heirani M, Ambrosio R, Jr., Hafezi F, Naroo SA, Khorrami-Nejad M. Reply to the letter-to-the-editor: Morphological retinal changes in keratoconus. Ocul Surf. 2022;25:71.

  132.     Hashemi H, Roberts CJ, Ambrosio R, Jr., Mehravaran S, Hafezi F, Vinciguerra R, et al. Comparative Contralateral Randomized Clinical Trial of Standard (3 mW/cm(2)) Versus Accelerated (9 mW/cm(2)) CXL in Patients With Down Syndrome: 3-Year Results. J Refract Surg. 2022;38(6):381-8.

  133.     Hashemian H, Peto T, Ambrosio R, Jr., Lengyel I, Kafieh R, Muhammed Noori A, et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: An Updated Comprehensive Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2024;19(3):354-67.

  134.     Herber R, Vinciguerra R, Lopes B, Raiskup F, Pillunat LE, Vinciguerra P, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of corneal deformation response parameters of dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging in keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(1):86-94.

  135.     Kataria P, Padmanabhan P, Gopalakrishnan A, Padmanaban V, Mahadik S, Ambrosio R, Jr. Accuracy of Scheimpflug-derived corneal biomechanical and tomographic indices for detecting subclinical and mild keratectasia in a South Asian population. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(3):328-36.

  136.     Kinoshita M, Koh S, Inoue R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Jhanji V, Maeda N, et al. Long-Term Changes in Corneal Power in Young Patients With Progressive and Nonprogressive Keratoconus. Eye Contact Lens. 2025;51(5):209-13.

  137.     Koh S, Ambrosio R, Jr., Inoue R, Belin MW, Maeda N, Nishida K. Predictive value of enhanced corneal biomechanical parameters for ectasia progression. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2025;69(2):174-81.

  138.     Koh S, Ambrosio R, Jr., Maeda N, Nishida K. Evidence of corneal ectasia susceptibility: a new definition of forme fruste keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(11):1570-2.

  139.     Koh S, Inoue R, Ambrosio R, Jr., Lopes B, Matsuo R, Maeno S, et al. Corneal Layer Thickness Mapping With Optical Coherence Tomography in Different Stages Reveals Pathologic Processes of Keratoconus. Cornea. 2024.

  140.     Leao E, Ing Ren T, Lyra JM, Machado A, Koprowski R, Lopes B, et al. Corneal deformation amplitude analysis for keratoconus detection through compensation for intraocular pressure and integration with horizontal thickness profile. Comput Biol Med. 2019;109:263-71.

  141.     Lopes BT, Belin MW, Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L, Jr., Kohnen T, Ambrosio R, Jr. Enhancing corneal ectasia susceptibility detection: analysis of a new algorithm (BAD-D v4). Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):30226.

  142.     Lopes BT, Ramos IC, Dawson DG, Belin MW, Ambrosio R, Jr. Detection of ectatic corneal diseases based on pentacam. Z Med Phys. 2016;26(2):136-42.

  143.     Loureiro T, Rodrigues-Barros S, Carreira AR, Gouveia-Moraes F, Carreira P, Vide Escada A, et al. Corneal Epithelium Asymmetry in Children With Atopy: The Effect of Hand Dominance. Clin Ophthalmol. 2022;16:2453-61.

  144.     Matalia H, Matalia J, Pisharody A, Patel Y, Chinnappaiah N, Salomao M, et al. Unique corneal tomography features of allergic eye disease identified by OCT imaging and artificial intelligence. J Biophotonics. 2020;13(10):e202000156.

  145.     Monteiro T, Alfonso JF, Franqueira N, Faria-Correira F, Ambrosio R, Jr., Madrid-Costa D. Comparison of clinical outcomes between manual and femtosecond laser techniques for intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2020;30(6):1246-55.

  146.     Monteiro T, Alfonso JF, Freitas R, Franqueira N, Faria-Correira F, Ambrosio R, et al. Comparison of Complication Rates between Manual and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Techniques for Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation in Keratoconus. Curr Eye Res. 2019;44(12):1291-8.

  147.     Nguyen T, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Sarker P, et al. Artificial intelligence in corneal diseases: A narrative review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2024;47(6):102284.

  148.     Niazi S, Doroodgar F, Hashemi Nazari S, Rahimi Y, Alio Del Barrio JL, Gatzioufas Z, et al. Refractive surgical approaches to keratoconus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2024;69(5):779-88.

  149.     Niazi S, Moshirfar M, Alizadeh F, Doroodgar F, Baradaran-Rafii A, Filutowski O, et al. Association of 2 Lysyl Oxidase Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Keratoconus: A Nationwide Registration Study. Ophthalmol Sci. 2023;3(2):100247.

  150.     Padmanabhan P, Lopes BT, Eliasy A, Abass A, Vinciguerra R, Vinciguerra P, et al. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical behavior in vivo for healthy and keratoconic eyes using the stress-strain index. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022;48(10):1162-7.

  151.     Polido J, Araujo M, Wakamatsu TH, Alexander JG, Cabral T, Ambrosio R, Jr., et al. Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in a Pediatric Group With Progressive Keratoconus: A 7-year Follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;250:59-69.

  152.     Polido J, Dos Xavier Santos Araujo ME, Alexander JG, Cabral T, Ambrosio R, Jr., Freitas D. Pediatric Crosslinking: Current Protocols and Approach. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(3):983-99.

  153.     Polido J, Xavier Dos Santos Araujo ME, T HW, B TL, Alexander JG, Cabral T, et al. Correlation between Placido-disc and rotating Scheimpflug keratometric findings before and after corneal crosslinking in children with keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022;48(10):1183-9.

  154.     Rabinowitz YS, Li X, Canedo AL, Ambrosio R, Jr., Bykhovskaya Y. Optical coherence tomography combined with videokeratography to differentiate mild keratoconus subtypes. J Refract Surg. 2014;30(2):80-7.

  155.     Rodrigues PF, Moscovici BK, Ferrara G, Lamazales L, Freitas MMS, Torquetti L, et al. Corneal densitometry in patients with keratoconus undergoing intrastromal Ferrara ring implantation. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(6):3505-10.

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• Dr. John So-Min Chang (2018 - 2019)
• Dr.  A. John Kanellopoulos (2016 - 2017)
• Dr. Ronald R. Krueger (2014 - 2015)
• Dr. Amar Agarwal (2012 - 2013)
• Dr. Alaa Eldanasoury (2010 - 2011)

  Dr. Alaa Eldanasoury

  Testimony

• Dr. Marguerite McDonald (2008 - 2009)
• Dr. Jorge L. Alió (2006 - 2007)

  Dr. Jorge L. Alió

  Testimony

• Dr. James Salz (2004 - 2005)
• Dr. Jack Holladay (2002 - 2003)
• Dr. Michael Lawless (2001)
• Dr. David Schanzlin (1999 - 2000)
• Dr. Jeffrey Robin (1997 - 1998)
• Dr. Theodore Werblin (1995 - 1996)
• Dr. Richard Lindstrom (1993 - 1994)
• Dr. Larry F. Rich (1992)
• Dr. James Salz (1991)
• Dr. Perry Binder (1989 - 1990)
• Dr. Miles Friedlander (1988)
• Dr. Richard A. Villaseñor (1987)
• Dr. Casimir Swinger (1986)
• Dr. Herbert Kaufman (1985)
• Dr. Richard C. Troutman (1982 - 1984)

  Dr. Richard C. Troutman

  A pioneer in microsurgery of the eye, essential to the practice of corneal and refractive microsurgery, Dr. Richard C. Troutman was among the first ophthalmologists worldwide and the first in the United States to use a variable-step magnification dissecting microscope for ophthalmic microsurgery in 1954. In 1962, he introduced the first remotely controlled, motorized zoom magnification microscope that was manufactured by Keeler Instrument Company of England. From 1967 to 1989, he developed the first motorized, ceiling mounted, zoom ophthalmic surgical microscope with remotely controlled focusing and centering, planetary tilting and illumination and a surgical keratometer. Contemporary surgical microscopes that incorporate his concepts continue to be employed not only for ophthalmic and refractive microsurgery but also have been adopted and modified for microsurgery by many other surgical specialties.

  In 1976, Dr. Troutman and his wife Dr. Suzanne Véronneau-Troutman founded the Microsurgical Research Foundation (MRF), a non-profit public foundation that supports research and fellowships in refractive and corneal surgery. Together they founded the annual Troutman Prize which is awarded to the author (age 45 and under) of the best original article of the previous year in the Journal of Refractive Surgery.

  Dr. Troutman has authored or co-authored nine books and more than 150 articles and book chapters in scientific publications, many of which detail his innovative microsurgical techniques. Dr. Troutman, internationally recognized as one of the originators of corneal transplant surgery, served as professor and head of the division of ophthalmology at SUNY Downstate Medical Center for 27 years until 1983. In 2000, Dr. Troutman received a Lifetime Achievement Award from his medical school, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, and also the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

• Dr. José I. Barraquer (1980 - 1982)

  Dr. José I. Barraquer

  Dr. José Barraquer, who came from a family that boasts four generations of prominent ophthalmologists, is widely acknowledged to be the father of refractive surgery. He was born in Spain, but moved in 1953 to Bogota, Colombia. There, he founded the Barraquer Institute of America, where he trained many of the refractive surgeons practicing around the world today.

  Dr. Barraquer promoted the improvement of suture material and technique in cataract and corneal surgery, and designed numerous surgical instruments, many of which still carry his name. But his life’s work was dedicated to the idea of reshaping the cornea to change the eye’s refractive power. Toward this end, he designed the cryolathe and the microkeratome and developed keratomileusis and keratophakia, laying the groundwork for LASIK and other modern lamellar procedures. Dr. Barraquer continued to practice, invent and teach until his death.